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<h2>A (little) Introduction</h2>
<p>Last revolution of administration system made by a French startup <span class="fragment">in the US.</span></p>
<p class="fragment">They wanted to innovate in France, but they cannot.</p>
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<h2>A (little) Introduction</h2>
<p>Why? <span class="fragment">No one wanted to finance their idea.</span></p>
<p class="fragment">Recurrent issue in France and in European Union.</p>
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<h2>Why the heart of IT innovation is in the USA?</h2>
<p class="fragment">Computer science subject</p>
<p class="fragment">Economic subject</p>
<p class="fragment">Philosophical subject</p>
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<h2>Facts</h2>
<p>Innovations in computer science are in the US.</p>
<p class="fragment">GAFAM are American companies.</p>
<p class="fragment">Every new subjects are lead by American companies.</p>
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<h2>Facts</h2>
<p>EU is not focused on high-tech.</p>
<p class="fragment">Prefer mid-tech.</p>
<p class="fragment">(incorporating high-tech in old high-tech)</p>
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<section>
<h2>Facts</h2>
<p>BUT <span class="fragment">the European research is very good in high-tech</span></p>
<p class="fragment">30 to 40% of cited papers in patents are from European university.</p>
<p class="fragment">They are not 30% of patents from EU.</p>
<p class="fragment">Issue is not during the fondamental research, it is at the companies level.</p>
<p class="fragment">(Even if EU universities have less budget than Americans.)</p>
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<h2>Economic Growth, Economic Rules and Innovation</h2>
<p>Startup is a new company in new high technologies.</p>
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<h2>Economic Growth, Economic Rules and Innovation</h2>
<p>Not enough venture capital in EU.</p>
<p class="fragment">Venture capital is a long-term investment (not like bank loan).</p>
<p class="fragment">Venture capital gives the right to fail.</p>
<p class="fragment">Easier to develop startups with venture capital.</p>
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<h2>Economic Growth, Economic Rules and Innovation</h2>
<p>Institutions are not investing in new startups.</p>
<p class="fragment">DARPA in US invests a lot of moneys in startups.</p>
<p class="fragment">With this, they can do some Research & Development.</p>
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<h2>Economic Growth, Economic Rules and Innovation</h2>
<p>EIC looks like the DARPA, but it is very different in facts:</p>
<p class="fragment">EIC has a lower budget, it is not primary focusing on helping the R&D, and it helps well implanted companies.</p>
<p class="fragment">Well implanted companies can do more R&S without public subvention,</p>
<p class="fragment">but they cannot contribute to the growth as a working startup.</p>
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<h2>Economic Growth, Economic Rules and Innovation</h2>
<p>Protecting rules restrict innovation.</p>
<p class="fragment">EIC is not as independent as the DARPA.</p>
<p class="fragment">EU rules are limiting bank loan to startups.</p>
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<h2>Morality of USA's Kind of Innovation</h2>
<p>Unregulated innovation leads to a lot of moral issues.</p>
<p class="fragment">Social media are not really a good thing for humanity (hate, depression, polarize the population).</p>
<p class="fragment">Self-driving cars are more dangerous than others.</p>
<p class="fragment">AI can create fake news, modify the society and is not ecologic at all.</p>
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<section>
<h2>Morality of USA's Kind of Innovation</h2>
<p>Economic growth faces many moral issues.</p>
<p class="fragment">Seems to be linked with consumerism.</p>
<p class="fragment">Consumerism is not compatible with climate issue.</p>
<p class="fragment">Economic growth creates inequalities.</p>
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<section>
<h2>Morality of USA's Kind of Innovation</h2>
<p>But the right to auto-determination requires the innovation.</p>
<p class="fragment">Auto-determination is the power to decide what we want to become.</p>
<p class="fragment">Without innovation in a world where innovation is important, it is impossible to have this right.</p>
<p class="fragment">Auto-determination is usually called sovereignty.</p>
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<h2>To Put it in a Nutshell...</h2>
<p class="fragment">EU is not good in startups due to its societal institution.</p>
<p class="fragment">Innovation has a lot of moral issues,</p>
<p class="fragment">but without a country cannot be sovereign.</p>
<h4 class="fragment">Incompatibility between two moral rights: equality and right to auto-determination</h4>
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<h2>Sources</h2>
<small>"Popular information". <em>NobelPrize.org</em>, Wed. 20 Nov 2024, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2024/popular-information/</small>
<small>Aghion, Philippe. "Introduction : Repenser le capitalisme : le pouvoir de la destruction créatrice". <em>Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte</em>, Collège de France, Tue. 15 Oct 2024.</small>
<small>Aghion, Philippe. "Expliquer le décrochage technologique de l’Europe par rapport aux États-Unis". <em>Impulser une nouvelle croissance : IA et innovation verte</em>, Collège de France, Tue. 22 Oct 2024.</small>
<small>Lambrech, Maxime. <em>Les milliardaires, compatibles avec la démocratie ?</em>, Philoxime, Thu. 21 Dec 2023, https://skeptikon.fr/w/n5TS3HCwSu6xQBBLU4QjV7</small>
<small><em>Docker : comment ce Français a changé la vie de tous les développeurs</em>, Konbini, Mon. 27 Nov 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KF9Awj74dMw</small>
<small>Nguyên Hoang, Lê. <em>Les réseaux sociaux sont dangereux. Très dangereux.</em>, Science4All, Mon. 8 Mar 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utWMGi8HTjY</small>
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